Retrospective cohort study to devise a treatment decision score predicting adverse 24-month radiological activity in early multiple sclerosis

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease affecting about 2.8 million people worldwide. Disease course after the most common diagnoses of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is highly variable and cannot be reliably predicted. This impairs early personalized treatment decisions. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to algorithmically support clinical decision-making regarding the options of early platform medication or no immediate treatment of patients with early RRMS and CIS. Design: Retrospective monocentric cohort study within the Data Integration for Future Medicine (DIFUTURE) Consortium. Methods: Multiple data sources of routine clinical, imaging and laboratory data derived from a large and deeply characterized cohort of patients with MS were integrated to conduct a retrospective study to create and internally validate a treatment decision score [Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Decision Score (MS-TDS)] through model-based random forests (RFs). The MS-TDS predicts the probability of no new or enlarging lesions in cerebral magnetic resonance images (cMRIs) between 6 and 24 months after the first cMRI. Results: Data from 65 predictors collected for 475 patients between 2008 and 2017 were included. No medication and platform medication were administered to 277 (58.3%) and 198 (41.7%) patients. The MS-TDS predicted individual outcomes with a cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.624. The respective RF prediction model provides patient-specific MS-TDS and probabilities of treatment success. The latter may increase by 5–20% for half of the patients if the treatment considered superior by the MS-TDS is used. Conclusion: Routine clinical data from multiple sources can be successfully integrated to build prediction models to support treatment decision-making. In this study, the resulting MS-TDS estimates individualized treatment success probabilities that can identify patients who benefit from early platform medication. External validation of the MS-TDS is required, and a prospective study is currently being conducted. In addition, the clinical relevance of the MS-TDS needs to be established

Auf dem Weg zu einem Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft : Anspruch, Potentiale, Verknüpfungen

Die vorliegende Veröffentlichung ist der erste Band aus der Reihe »Zivilgesellschaft in Zahlen«, in welcher Fortschritte und Ergebnisse des gleichnamigen Projekts veröffentlicht werden. »Zivilgesellschaft in Zahlen« ist ein Gemeinschaftsprojekt des Stifterverbandes für die Deutsche Wissenschaft, der Bertelsmann Stiftung und der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung. Ziel ist es, in Kooperation mit dem Statistischen Bundesamt und dem Centrum für soziale Investitionen und Innovationen, die Grundlagen für eine Berichterstattung zu schaffen, die regelmäßig aktuelle Zahlen zu Entwicklungen und Trends in der Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland liefert. Im Rahmen des Workshops »Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft« wurden Anforderungen und Potentiale für eine praxis- und politikrelevante Berichterstattung zur Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland systematisch beleuchtet. Die Inhalte und Ergebnisse werden mit diesem Band dokumentiert. An Beispielen wird gezeigt, welche Beiträge thematisch relevante und angrenzende Daten- und Informationssysteme für ein umfassendes »Informationssystem Zivilgesellschaft« leisten können und welche Ansprüche aus Sicht der Politik, der Wissenschaft und der Zivilgesellschaft an ein solches Informationssystem gerichtet werden

Mechanical and Thermal Spreading of Antimony Oxides on the TiO2\mathrm{TiO_2} Surface: Dispersion and Properties of Surface Antimony Oxide Species

Mixed metal oxides are important industrial catalysts for the selective oxidation and ammoxidation of aromatics and alkenes and often contain Sb oxides as a component. For the preparation of a catalytically relevant system on the basis of monolayer-type catalysts, an alternative route as compared to the conventional impregnation was chosen by milling the dry compounds in a planetary mill. To get a closer insight into the spreading and oxidation properties of antimony oxide on titania, only the binary oxidic compounds Sb oxide and TiO2 as support were investigated in the present study. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations for surface analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) for bulk phase analysis were applied. The various Sb oxides (Sb2O3, Sb2O4, and Sb2O5) show totally different spreading behavior. Only with the Sb(III) oxide on titania a significant increase of dispersion was detectable by means of XPS and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The temperature of oxidation of the supported Sb(III) oxide in air was 100 °C lower as compared to the bulk phase oxidation. The final formula after oxidation of Sb(III) oxide can be calculated from XANES results as Sb6O13 and does not end up at a stoichiometry of Sb2O4

Pengajaran semantik

Buku ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi pengajaran semantikvi, 234 hlm.: ilus ; 21 cm

Pengajaran semantik

Buku ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi pengajaran semantikvi, 234 hlm.: ilus ; 21 cm

The decline of the West /

Includes index.CatalogingThomas S. Hansen20101111Digital imag